SSL クライアント証明書の発行

OpenSSL でクライアント証明書を発行する手順メモ。

openssl.cnf の修正

パスは環境によって違うでしょうが、うちの場合は /usr/local/ssl/openssl.cnf 。

# For normal client use this is typical
# nsCertType = client, email

を以下の様に変えとく。

# For normal client use this is typical
nsCertType = client, email

CA 用ファイルの作成

直接 openssl コマンド叩くよりも、OpenSSL 付属の CA.sh や CA.pl を使うほうが楽。どちらもやれることは一緒っぽいので、ここでは CA.pl の方を使ってみる。

$ mkdir cert
$ cd cert
$ /usr/local/ssl/misc/CA.pl -newca
CA certificate filename (or enter to create)

Making CA certificate ...
Generating a 1024 bit RSA private key
...++++++
.............++++++
unable to write 'random state'
writing new private key to './demoCA/private/cakey.pem'
Enter PEM pass phrase:
Verifying - Enter PEM pass phrase:
-----
You are about to be asked to enter information that will be incorporated
into your certificate request.
What you are about to enter is what is called a Distinguished Name or a DN.
There are quite a few fields but you can leave some blank
For some fields there will be a default value,
If you enter '.', the field will be left blank.
-----
Country Name (2 letter code) [AU]:jp
State or Province Name (full name) [Some-State]:kanagawa
Locality Name (eg, city) []:sagamihara
Organization Name (eg, company) [Internet Widgits Pty Ltd]:mizzy.org
Organizational Unit Name (eg, section) []:
Common Name (eg, YOUR name) []:CA of mizzy.org
Email Address []:
$ ls
demoCA/

CA のキーや証明書やらシリアル番号管理用ファイルやら、諸々作ってくれます。

リクエスト生成

クライアント証明書用リクエスト作成。

$ /usr/local/ssl/misc/CA.pl -newreq
Generating a 1024 bit RSA private key
...............................++++++
......++++++
unable to write 'random state'
writing new private key to 'newreq.pem'
Enter PEM pass phrase:
Verifying - Enter PEM pass phrase:
-----
You are about to be asked to enter information that will be incorporated
into your certificate request.
What you are about to enter is what is called a Distinguished Name or a DN.
There are quite a few fields but you can leave some blank
For some fields there will be a default value,
If you enter '.', the field will be left blank.
-----
Country Name (2 letter code) [AU]:jp
State or Province Name (full name) [Some-State]:kanagawa
Locality Name (eg, city) []:sagamihara
Organization Name (eg, company) [Internet Widgits Pty Ltd]:mizzy.org
Organizational Unit Name (eg, section) []:
Common Name (eg, YOUR name) []:Gosuke Miyashita
Email Address []:

Please enter the following 'extra' attributes
to be sent with your certificate request
A challenge password []:
An optional company name []:
Request (and private key) is in newreq.pem

以下の様なキーと CSR を含んだ newreq.pem ができあがる。

CA による署名

$ /usr/local/ssl/misc/CA.pl -sign
Using configuration from /usr/local/ssl/openssl.cnf
Enter pass phrase for ./demoCA/private/cakey.pem:
Check that the request matches the signature
Signature ok
Certificate Details:
        Serial Number: 1 (0x1)
        Validity
            Not Before: Sep  8 17:57:48 2006 GMT
            Not After : Sep  8 17:57:48 2007 GMT
        Subject:
            countryName               = jp
            stateOrProvinceName       = kanagawa
            localityName              = sagamihara
            organizationName          = mizzy.org
            commonName                = Gosuke Miyashita
        X509v3 extensions:
            X509v3 Basic Constraints:
            CA:FALSE
            Netscape Cert Type:
            SSL Client, S/MIME
            Netscape Comment:
            OpenSSL Generated Certificate
            X509v3 Subject Key Identifier:
            EF:7F:AA:D8:9A:C2:83:BC:69:C0:55:C8:B6:11:3F:C1:DD:D2:A7:C9
            X509v3 Authority Key Identifier:
            keyid:27:4C:C9:4E:45:63:A8:62:1B:41:4D:14:2A:98:C9:EE:87:AE:1D:09
            DirName:/C=jp/ST=kanagawa/L=sagamihara/O=mizzy.org/CN=CA of mizzy.org
            serial:00

Certificate is to be certified until Sep  8 17:57:48 2007 GMT (365 days)
Sign the certificate? [y/n]:y


1 out of 1 certificate requests certified, commit? [y/n]y
Write out database with 1 new entries
Data Base Updated
Signed certificate is in newcert.pem

以下の様な newcert.pem ができる。

Certificate:
    Data:
        Version: 3 (0x2)
        Serial Number: 1 (0x1)
        Signature Algorithm: md5WithRSAEncryption
        Issuer: C=jp, ST=kanagawa, L=sagamihara, O=mizzy.org, CN=CA of mizzy.org
        Validity
            Not Before: Sep  8 17:57:48 2006 GMT
            Not After : Sep  8 17:57:48 2007 GMT
        Subject: C=jp, ST=kanagawa, L=sagamihara, O=mizzy.org, CN=Gosuke Miyashita
        Subject Public Key Info:
            Public Key Algorithm: rsaEncryption
            RSA Public Key: (1024 bit)
                Modulus (1024 bit):
                    00:da:7d:96:18:c7:35:09:8c:48:7d:3c:71:c8:f4:
                    0b:8f:9b:2a:57:b8:3e:b7:74:1a:09:46:32:e7:8a:
                    21:40:42:5c:69:39:a3:ac:52:ee:8e:54:f4:91:fd:
                    61:fc:d5:37:8b:c2:cd:d3:8b:c3:3c:3d:34:d7:de:
                    2c:02:eb:ca:6b:7c:bf:20:53:13:df:d1:7a:7c:51:
                    70:24:64:e0:23:11:bc:3e:98:32:ca:c9:eb:ef:5b:
                    ff:3e:36:e4:56:3f:15:4e:6a:4c:08:34:1a:cd:f4:
                    56:0c:a3:a8:1a:3c:d4:ae:c0:f5:98:ba:dd:4d:b3:
                    e4:99:05:b4:53:98:d9:dc:99
                Exponent: 65537 (0x10001)
        X509v3 extensions:
            X509v3 Basic Constraints:
            CA:FALSE
            Netscape Cert Type:
            SSL Client, S/MIME
            Netscape Comment:
            OpenSSL Generated Certificate
            X509v3 Subject Key Identifier:
            EF:7F:AA:D8:9A:C2:83:BC:69:C0:55:C8:B6:11:3F:C1:DD:D2:A7:C9
            X509v3 Authority Key Identifier:
            keyid:27:4C:C9:4E:45:63:A8:62:1B:41:4D:14:2A:98:C9:EE:87:AE:1D:09
            DirName:/C=jp/ST=kanagawa/L=sagamihara/O=mizzy.org/CN=CA of mizzy.org
            serial:00

    Signature Algorithm: md5WithRSAEncryption
        96:0f:74:99:c1:b7:ce:62:08:df:d0:f8:f2:6b:ee:1e:90:43:
        c7:8e:9c:4d:f2:de:2d:05:06:b9:25:49:d1:6e:d5:65:04:65:
        71:52:44:1e:8f:87:9b:7b:e7:ed:d1:60:0a:6a:d1:fa:41:cc:
        2a:82:b6:10:84:2a:7c:e3:8f:bf:32:a8:e0:01:d9:99:e6:ab:
        dd:5e:a8:26:4d:85:cf:64:b7:62:de:74:5f:df:36:fe:ce:fd:
        cd:b2:37:e1:a4:ce:6a:da:1e:3e:f7:89:24:cd:de:f3:9f:39:
        5f:01:78:3c:30:ae:57:e1:94:07:fd:60:51:66:f8:9b:66:60:
        1c:bb
-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----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-----END CERTIFICATE-----

PEM から PKCS12 へ

PEM のままではブラウザにインポートできないので、PKCS12 へ変換。

$ openssl pkcs12 -export -in newcert.pem -inkey newreq.pem -certfile demoCA/cacert.pem -out newcert.p12
Enter pass phrase for newreq.pem:
Enter Export Password:
Verifying - Enter Export Password:

newcert.p12 をブラウザにインポート

手順は省略。Firefox だとこんな感じで入る。

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